¿Del fascismo al antifranquismo? España en la diplomacia italiana posfascista, 1943-1953

Resumen

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo construir un marco interpretativo general para la década de relaciones comprendida entre la caída del fascismo y la configuración de los primeros gobiernos del Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, y el ocaso político de Alcide De Gasperi y la crisis del centrismo. La cuestión fundamental que pretenden resolver estas páginas es hasta qué punto la incompatibilidad ideológica entre los nuevos gobiernos italianos, fundados en el antifascismo, y el régimen franquista, se convirtió o no en un obstáculo para establecimiento relaciones, qué características adoptaron éstas, y cómo se gestionó la incómoda herencia de la vieja amistad.

Palabras clave: franquismo, política exterior, Democracia Cristiana, De Gasperi, relaciones hispano-italianas, Guerra Fría.

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Abstracts: This work is aiming at offering a general interpretative framework on the Italian-Spanish bilateral relations between the fall of the Italian fascism (1943) and the political decadence of the cabinets of Alcide De Gasperi (1953). The article's scope includes the complex period which goes from the establishment of the governments of the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale to the crisis of the centrist political parties in Italy. The following pages try to answer three important issues. First, did the anti-fascism on which the post-war Italian governments were founded represent an ideological obstacle in dealing with Franco's Spain? Second, which were the main patterns of the diplomatic relations between Rome and Madrid during this decade? And finally, how did the Italian foreign service face in the 1940s and early 1950s the compromising old friendship between Mussolini and the Spanish dictator?

Keywords: francoism, foreign policy, Christian Democracy, Alcide De Gasperi, Spanish-Italian relations, Cold War.